Laboratory biosafety emergency preparedness

I. purpose
In order to strengthen the biosafety management of the laboratory, and in the spirit of being responsible for the health and environmental safety of the laboratory staff, the biosafety Committee of Beijing brain science and brain like research center has formulated this emergency plan to ensure that when biosafety incidents occur in the laboratory, it can respond according to the standard handling procedures and control measures, so as to achieve full emergency preparation, smooth information channels and command The system is effective, the response mechanism is sensitive, and the handling is standardized, so as to prevent the further expansion of the hazards of biosafety events and ensure public health and social stability.
2、 Scope of application
This plan is applicable to all biosafety level I (BSL-1) and level II laboratories (BSL-2) in the center, as well as all events related to biosafety that may endanger the health of laboratory staff and the public health and social stability in BSL-1 and BSL-2 laboratories. Including but not limited to:
1. Laboratory pollution events of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic and harmful chemical reagents;
2. Workers are infected or damaged by poisonous and harmful pathogenic microorganisms or toxic and harmful chemical reagents in the laboratory;
3. The leakage of pathogenic microorganism and toxic and harmful chemical reagent from the laboratory;
4. Other laboratory pollution events caused by unpredictable factors such as power failure and fire.
3、 Preparation basis
1. Law of the people's Republic of China on the prevention and control of infectious diseases
2. Regulations on emergency response to public health emergencies
3. Laboratory biosafety manual (Third Edition)
4、 Organization and division of responsibilities
The biosafety Committee of the center is responsible for the preparation of the plan. After the training, each laboratory member and person in charge is responsible for the start-up and implementation of the plan, and the human resources department, administrative office and logistics support personnel assist in handling the plan.
5、 Daily prevention
1. Strengthen the standardized operation management of laboratory biosafety, and make clear regulations according to the general requirements for laboratory biosafety.
2. Establish the reserves of emergency materials and equipment in the laboratory, allocate personal protection, disinfection drugs and medical rescue drugs, store them at designated points and maintain them regularly by designated personnel.
3. All laboratories in the center are forbidden to operate highly pathogenic microorganisms, and toxic and harmful chemical reagents shall be registered and used according to relevant regulations.
4. Establish the health records of laboratory staff, conduct regular physical examination, and report the infection or injury of personnel related to laboratory biosafety immediately.
5. Strengthen the biosafety business training and drill for experimental operators.
6、 Emergency handling procedures
（1） . emergency treatment measures for pathogenic microorganism pollution
1. In case of splashing or leaking of common pathogenic microorganisms in the laboratory, sensitive disinfectants shall be selected for disinfection according to the requirements of biosafety and the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms.
(1) Bacteria (toxins) are spilled on the table, floor and other surfaces. The handling personnel shall wear gloves, protective clothing and face and eyes protection if necessary; cover and absorb spillage with cloth or paper towel; pour appropriate disinfectant on the paper towel and immediately cover the surrounding area. Generally, 5% bleach solution (sodium hypochlorite solution) can be used; when disinfectant is used, start from the periphery of overflow area and conduct treatment towards the center; after proper time (such as 30 minutes), clean up the processed substances. If there are broken glass or other sharp utensils, dustpan or hard cardboard shall be used to collect the treated items and put them in the anti puncture container for treatment; the overflow area shall be cleaned and disinfected again (repeat steps 2-5 if necessary); the contaminated materials shall be placed in the anti leakage and anti penetration waste treatment container.
(2) If the bacteria (toxin) overflows on the clothes, shoes and hats of the laboratory staff, local disinfection and replacement shall be carried out immediately. 75% alcohol, iodophor, 0.2-0.5% Peracetic Acid and 500-10000mg / L effective chlorine disinfectant were immediately used to soak the contaminated protective clothing for high-pressure sterilization.
(3) If the pathogenic microorganism splashes on the skin of laboratory staff, disinfect with 75% alcohol or iodophor immediately, and then wash with water. The parts that can use the disinfectant can be disinfected, and then washed with water for 15-20min; if the skin is punctured, it should be regarded as a great danger, stop working immediately, squeeze blood on the wound, wash with water for disinfection. Observe in isolation according to the situation, and carry out appropriate prevention and treatment according to the conditions; if the pathogenic microorganism splashes in the eyes of the laboratory staff, immediately wash it with normal saline or eye wash solution, and then wash it with clear water.

2. The centrifuge tube containing potentially infectious substances in the centrifuge of the non closed centrifuge barrel ruptured. This situation is regarded as an aerosol exposure accident, and the personal protection shall be strengthened immediately. The treatment principles are as follows: (1) if the machine breaks or is suspected to break while it is running, the power supply of the machine shall be turned off, and the centrifugal cylinder shall be closed for at least 30 minutes after the stop to make the aerosol deposit. (2) If cracks are found after the machine stops, immediately cover the cover and seal it for at least 30 minutes. For all subsequent operations, personal respiratory protection should be strengthened and thick rubber gloves should be worn, and appropriate disposable gloves can be worn outside if necessary. When cleaning glass fragments, use tweezers or cotton held by tweezers. All broken centrifuge tubes, glass fragments, centrifuge barrels, cross shafts and rotors shall be placed in a non corrosive disinfectant known to have killing activity against the microorganisms concerned. The undamaged centrifuge tube with cover shall be placed in another container with disinfectant and then recycled. The inner chamber of the centrifuge shall be repeatedly wiped with the same disinfectant of appropriate concentration, then rinsed with water and dried. All materials used in cleaning shall be treated as infectious waste.
3. If workers are exposed by accidental inhalation, accidental injury or contact, they should be dealt with immediately and reported to the emergency response leading group of the laboratory in time. For example, in the process of operation, if the staff is injured by syringe needle, metal sharp tool, or injured by sharp tool or bitten by animals or insects when dissecting infectious animals, emergency treatment shall be carried out immediately. First, wash the wound with soap and water, then squeeze the blood of the wound, and then use disinfectant (such as 75% alcohol, 2000mg / L sodium hypochlorite, 0.2% - 0.5% Peracetic acid, 0.5% Iodophor) to soak or smear for disinfection, and bandage the wound (anaerobic microorganism infection does not bandage the wound). If necessary, take preventive drugs. If HIV occupational exposure occurs, take HIV antiviral within one to two hours.
（2） Emergency measures for chemical pollution
1. Emergency measures for general chemical pollution
(1) If toxic or harmful substances are splashed on the skin or clothes of the staff in the laboratory, wash them with tap water immediately, and then take corresponding effective treatment measures according to the nature of the poison.
(2) If toxic and harmful substances are splashed or leaked on the working surface or ground in the laboratory, wipe them with a rag or mop first, then wash them with clear water or neutralize them with neutralizing agent before washing them with clear water.
(3) In case of toxic gas leakage in the laboratory, the exhaust device shall be started immediately to discharge the toxic gas, and at the same time, the windows shall be opened to let the fresh air carry out the laboratory. In case of inhalation of toxic gas, the poisoned person shall be rescued immediately and moved to a good place to breathe fresh air.
(4) In case of oral poisoning, it is necessary to immediately stimulate emesis and wash the stomach repeatedly. During gastric lavage, it is necessary to pay attention to the principles of absorption, neutralization of micro acid and micro alkali, water-soluble and liposoluble, and protection of gastric mucosa.
（3） Emergency measures for laboratory safety accidents
1. In case of a fire in the laboratory, the first thing to consider is the safe evacuation of the laboratory personnel. The second thing is that when the staff judges that the fire will not spread rapidly, they must cut off the fire source and power supply quickly and calmly first, evacuate the personnel in time, and put out or control the fire as much as they can. The fire fighters can only enter the laboratory accompanied by professional personnel, and shall not use water to put out the fire.
2. In case of flood in the laboratory. In case of flood alarm, stop working, transfer bacteria (toxins) and related materials, and thoroughly disinfect the laboratory. Disinfect and transfer the instruments and equipment and do relevant waterproof treatment. After the flood, the laboratory should be disinfected, cleaned, maintained and put into trial operation, and the safety parameters should be tested and verified to be qualified before being put into use again.
3. In case of electric shock, cut off the power supply or unplug the power plug first. If it is too late to cut off the power supply, use insulating materials to pick up the wires. Before cutting off the power supply, never use hands to pull the electric shock, or use metal or wet materials to pick up the wires. If shock occurs to the person with electric shock, artificial respiration shall be carried out immediately and the doctor shall be invited for treatment.

7、 Accident report

In case of any biosafety accident involving pathogenic microorganism, the unit that needs to report to the biosafety Committee in the first time shall establish a laboratory biosafety accident reporting system.
In case of any emergency or accident mentioned above, the person in charge of the laboratory shall report orally to the person in charge of the laboratory while properly handling it. The person in charge shall immediately report to the leading group and truthfully fill in the accident record and accident handling record. The leading group shall report to the superior competent health department within 2 hours after verifying the accident. Actively cooperate with the investigation and disposal of relevant professional and technical departments, rescue the injured, conduct detailed inspection and follow-up of the health status of the infected, and eliminate the impact of the accident. After handling, the leading group shall analyze the accident process, causes and responsibilities in a practical and realistic manner, assess the risk degree of the accident, find out the root cause of the accident, summarize the lessons, write a written summary and draw lessons.